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自宅サーバ時代の「サーバ管理」

サーバの管理

MRTGによるシステムの監視

MRTGの構築(サーバ側:MainServer)

(1) インストール
# yum install mrtg
Installed: mrtg.i386 0:2.14.5-2
(2) 監視されるクライアント側のSNMPの設定
  • (ⅰ)SNMPのインストール
  • # rpm -qa | grep net-snmp
    net-snmp-libs-5.3.1-11.fc6
    net-snmp-5.3.1-15.fc6
    net-snmp-utils-5.3.1-15.fc6

  • (ⅱ)SNMPの設定
  • com2sec zodiac_network 192.168.1.0/24 zodiac_community
    group zodiac_group v1 zodiac_network
    group zodiac_group v2c zodiac_network
    view zodiac_view included .1
    access zodiac_group “” any noauth exact zodiac_view none none

  • (ⅲ)自動起動
  • # service snmpd start
    # chkconfig snmpd on

(3) MRTGの設定
  • (ⅰ)cfgファイルの設定
  • # cd /etc/mrtg/
    # cfgmaker zodiac_community@MainServer –output=./MainServer.cfg
    # vi MainServer.cfg
    ### Global Config Options
    WorkDir: /var/www/mrtg/MainServer
    Language: eucjp
    IconDir: /mrtg/icons/

    ### Global Defaults

    #—————–
    # eth0 traffic
    #—————–
    Target[eth0]: 2:zodiac_community@MainServer:
    SetEnv[eth0]: MRTG_INT_IP=”192.168.1.1″ MRTG_INT_DESCR=”eth0″
    MaxBytes[eth0]: 12500000
    Title[eth0]: Traffic Analysis for 2 — MainServer.ogino.tk
    PageTop[eth0]: Traffic Analysis for 2 — MainServer.ogino.tk

    #——————
    # cpu load average
    #——————
    Target[la]: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.5.1&.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.5.3:zodiac_community@MainServer:
    ThreshMaxI[la]:50
    SetEnv[la]: EMAIL=”root@localhost”
    URL=”http://192.168.1.1/mrtg/MainServer/la.html”
    MaxBytes[la]: 100
    Title[la]: Load Average
    PageTop[la]: CPU Load Average on MainServer.ogino.tk
    YLegend[la]: CPU Load Average
    ShortLegend[la]: %
    LegendI[la]:1min avrg.
    LegendO[la]:15min avrg.
    #——————
    # memory usage
    #——————
    Target[mem]: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.6.0&.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.4.0:zodiac_community@MainServer:
    ThreshMaxI[mem]:80
    SetEnv[mem]: EMAIL=”root@localhost”
    URL=”http://192.168.1.1/mrtg/MainServer/mem.html”
    MaxBytes[mem]: 190748
    Title[mem]: Memory Usage “real” and “swap”
    PageTop[mem]: Memory Usage “real” and “swap” on MainServer.ogino.tk
    YLegend[mem]: Memory Usage
    ShortLegend[mem]: kbyte
    LegendI[mem]:real Available.
    LegendO[mem]:swap Available.

  • (ⅱ)定期的なグラフの更新
  • # vi /etc/crontab
    */5 * * * * root env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/MainServer.cfg
    */5 * * * * root env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/BackupServer.cfg
    */5 * * * * root env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/WWWServer.cfg


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MRTG(監視されるクライアント側:SubmainServerの設定)

(1) インストール
# tar -zxvf net-snmp-5.2.5.tar.tar
# cd net-snmp-5.2.5
# ./configure –prefix=/usr
# make
# make test
# umask 022
# make install
# ls -l /usr/sbin/snmpd
# ls -l /usr/sbin/snmptrapd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 366287 8月 21 18:22 /usr/sbin/snmptrapd
(2) 設定
# vi /usr/share/snmp/snmpd.conf

com2sec zodiac_network 192.168.1.0/24 zodiac_community

group zodiac_group v1 zodiac_network
group zodiac_group v2c zodiac_network

view zodiac_view included .1

access zodiac_group “” any noauth exact zodiac_view none none

(3) 動作確認
# /usr/sbin/snmpd
# snmpwalk -v 2c localcom localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021
# kill `ps -ef | grep snmpd | grep -v grep | awk ‘{print $2}’`
(4) 自動起動
# service snmpd start
# chkconfig snmpd on


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MRTG(監視されるクライアント側:BackupServerの設定)

(1) インストール
# rpm -qa | grep net-snmp
net-snmp-5.1.1-2
net-snmp-utils-5.1.1-2
(2) 設定
# vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
com2sec zodiac_network 192.168.1.0/24 zodiac_community

group zodiac_group v1 zodiac_network
group zodiac_group v2c zodiac_network

view zodiac_view included .1

access zodiac_group “” any noauth exact zodiac_view none none

(3) 自動起動
# service snmpd start
# chkconfig snmpd on


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Nagiosによるシステムの監視

Nagiosの構築(サーバ側:MainServer)

(1) インストール
  • (ⅰ)Nagios本体
  • $ tar -zxvpf nagios-3.0.3.tar.tar
    $ su –

    # groupadd nagcmd
    # /usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd
    # /usr/sbin/usermod -G nagcmd △△△△
    # /usr/sbin/usermod -G nagcmd ○○○○
    # exit

    $ cd nagios-3.0.3
    $ ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nagios –with-command-group=nagcmd
    $ make all
    $ su

    # make install
    # make install-init
    # make install-commandmode
    # make install-config

  • (ⅱ)プラグイン
  • $ tar -zxvpf nagios-plugins-1.4.12.tar.gz
    $ cd nagios-plugins-1.4.12
    $ ./configure
    –with-apt-get-command:
    –with-ping6-command: /bin/ping6 -n -U -w %d -c %d %s
    –with-ping-command: /bin/ping -n -U -w %d -c %d %s
    –with-ipv6: yes
    –with-mysql: no
    –with-openssl: yes
    –with-gnutls: no
    –enable-extra-opts: no
    –with-perl: /usr/bin/perl
    –enable-perl-modules: no
    –with-cgiurl: /nagios/cgi-bin
    –with-trusted-path: /bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin

    $ make
    $ su
    # make install

(2) Webサーバの設定
  • (ⅰ)Apacheの設定ファイル
  • # vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin/ /usr/local/nagios/sbin/

    
     AllowOverride AuthConfig
     Options ExecCGI
     Order allow,deny
     Allow from all
    
    Alias /nagios/ /usr/local/nagios/share/
    
     AllowOverride AuthConfig
     Options None
     Order allow,deny
     Allow from all
    
    

    # /etc/init.d/httpd restart

  • (ⅱ)ユーザ及びパスワードの作成
  • # vi /usr/local/nagios/share/.htaccess
    AuthName “Nagios Access”
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
    require valid-user

    # cp /usr/local/nagios/share/.htaccess /usr/local/nagios/sbin/
    # su nagios
    $ htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users ○○○○
    New password:
    Re-type new password:
    Adding password for user ○○○○

    # chmod 755 /usr/local/nagios/ ←/usr/local/nagios/が700であったのでPermissionエラーが出たので変更する。

(3) Nagiosの設定
  • (ⅰ)メイン設定ファイル
  • # su nagios
    $ cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/
    $ vi nagios.cfg
    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg
    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg
    cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

  • (ⅱ)CGI設定ファイル
  • $ vi cgi.cfg
    authorized_for_system_information=○○○○ ←nagiosadminを○○○○に変更
    authorized_for_configuration_information=○○○○
    authorized_for_system_commands=○○○○
    authorized_for_all_services=○○○○
    authorized_for_all_hosts=○○○○
    authorized_for_all_service_commands=○○○○
    authorized_for_all_host_commands=○○○○

    host_unreachable_sound=hostdown.wav
    ←#をとる
    host_down_sound=hostdown.wav
    service_critical_sound=critical.wav
    service_warning_sound=warning.wav
    service_unknown_sound=warning.wav
    normal_sound=noproblem.wav

  • (ⅲ)リソース設定ファイル
  • $ vi resource.cfg ←最初からファイルが存在する

(4) 監視オブジェクトの設定

通知先の定義 contacts.cfg
# su nagios
$ cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/object/
$ vi contacts.cfg

define contact{
contact_name                ○○○○
  use                 generic-contact
  alias               Nagios Admin
  email               nagios@ogino.tk
  }
define contactgroup{
  contactgroup_name   admins
  alias               Nagios Administrators
  members             ○○○○
  }

(5) 設定の確認とNagiosの起動
  • (ⅰ)設定の確認
  • $ /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
    Total Warnings: 0
    Total Errors: 0

  • (ⅱ)Nagiosの起動及び自動起動
  • $ /etc/init.d/nagios start
    # chkconfig nagios on
    # chkconfig –list nagios
    nagios 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off


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